Have long been a source of amazement and mystique for centuries.
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Now, a new study has indicated that one of the massive structures was constructed using equipment that was remarkably advanced than previously assumed.
On 5 August, it is suggested that the ancient Step Pyramid of Djoser, a landmark 4,500 years old, was constructed utilizing a novel hydraulic lift system.
In prior years, specialists supposed that the Step Pyramid was most probably built utilizing a network of ramps and levers.
However, the most recent studies, led by Xavier Landreau of France’s CEA Paleotechnic Institute, indicate that the Ancient Egyptians built canals in the surrounding area to power platforms that lifted heavy loads.
The investigation implies that water was made available into two shafts, which were situated within the pyramid itself, and were utilised to assist in lifting and lowering a float used to transport the large stone building blocks.
" Ancient Egyptians are renowned for their trailblazing and expertise in hydraulics through the construction of canals for irrigation and barges to transport large stone blocks," the researchers noted.
“This work marks the beginning of a new area of study: the application of hydraulic power to construct the enormous structures commissioned by the Pharaohs.”
The Step Pyramid, almost certainly commissioned around 2680 BCE as a mausoleum for Pharaoh Djoser of the Third Dynasty, remains at the centre of an ongoing enigma regarding the precise technique it was constructed with.
Landreau and his colleagues propose that a nearby previously-unidentified structure, referred to as the Gisr el-Mudir enclosure, was in reality a "check dam" intended to capture water and sediment.
They also suggest that a series of pits dug into the ground just outside the pyramid might have been used to treat water. This would have allowed sediment to settle as the water passed through each section.
From there, after flowing into the pyramid’s shafts itself, the pressurised water would have floated the building stones towards the upper levels of the structure via an internal staircase, in a process known as the “volcano” method.
However, while the authors are confident that "the internal architecture of the Step Pyramid is consistent with a hydraulic elevation device never reported previously," they acknowledge that further scrutinisation is required.
They now plan to explore how water may have trickled through the shafts, along with how much water may have been present nearby thousands of years ago.
Although they suggest that other structures, including ramps, likely played a role in the pyramid's construction, it is possible that a hydraulic lift system, which would have required a supply of water, could have assisted with the building process.
They assert that their research, undertaken in collaboration with "several national laboratories", has resulted in "the discovery of a dam, a water management facility, and a hydraulic lift, which would have facilitated the construction of the Step Pyramid of Saqqara."
They conclude: "This research opens up a new avenue of investigation for the scientific community: exploring the use of hydraulic power for construction of the pyramids of Egypt."
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